Hidden AI-Content Markers Across Artefact Types: Watermarks, Provenance, and Regulation (August 2026)

TL;DR Key Findings Text (LLM outputs) Images Video Documents / PDFs Web pages / HTML Cross-cutting: interoperability & standards Legislation & regulation Limitations, circumvention, criticism Details 1. Text watermarking — the state of play The dominant academic technique is the Kirchenbauer et al. (2023, University of Maryland) “green-list/red-list” scheme: at each generation step a hash of prior tokens pseudo-randomly partitions […]